This paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning the source of magnetospheric plasma
at Earth. Source of plasma, its acceleration and transport throughout the system, its …

We present ionospheric plasma conditions observed by the EISCAT radars in Tromsø and
on Svalbard, covering 68°–81° geomagnetic latitude, during 6–8 September 2017. This is a …

Storm‐enhanced density (SED) plumes are prominent ionospheric electron density
increases at the dayside middle and high latitudes. The generation and decay mechanisms …

Observations are presented from SuperDARN and the EISCAT Svalbard Radar of two
intense polar cap patch events on 6 February 2001. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) …

The ionospheric effects induced by the September 2017 storm have been exceptional
compared to other events in the solar cycle 24. This paper gathers results of the ionospheric …

A detailed study of the effects of auroral current systems on thermal ionospheric plasma
transport and loss is conducted using a new ionospheric model. The mathematical …

Ions apparently emanating from the same source, the ionospheric polar cap, can either end
up as energized to keV energies in the high‐altitude cusp/mantle, or appear as cold ions in …

We investigate the origin of low‐energy (Ek< 10 eV) ion upflows in Earth's low‐altitude
dayside cusp region. The Cusp‐2002 sounding rocket flew from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, on …

Atmospheric loss and ion outflow play an important role in the magnetospheric dynamics
and in the evolution of the atmosphere on geological timescales—an evolution which is also …

The influence of solar activity upon ion upflow in the polar ionosphere was investigated
using data obtained by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Tromsø UHF radar …