Jaundice is a well-known complication of sepsis or extrabacterial infection. Sepsis and
bacterial infection are responsible for up to 20% of cases of jaundice in patients of all ages …

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that results from an exaggerated systemic response by the
host to infection and can lead to multiorgan failure and death. The terms sepsis and septic …

AIMS (1) A prospective analysis of clinically obvious jaundice (bilirubin> 120 μmol/l) in
South Wales to determine accuracy of diagnosis, referral pattern, treatment, and outcome.(2) …

The term cholestasis is derived from the Greek word “chole,” which means bile, and “stasis,”
meaning standing still. Cholestasis develops either from a defect in bile synthesis …

The association of hyperbilirubinemia and extrahepatic bacterial infection was recognized
as early as 1837 [1], and Osler described the occurrence of jaundice in pneumonia in his …

Hepatobiliary bile salt (BS) transporters are critical determinants of BS homeostasis
controlling intracellular concentrations of BSs and their enterohepatic circulation. Genetic or …

Tetrapyrrole molecules are distributed in virtually all living organisms on Earth. In mammals,
tetrapyrrole end products are closely linked to oxygen metabolism. Since increasingly …

Background Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important enzyme mainly derived from the
liver, bones and in lesser amounts from intestines, placenta, kidneys and leukocytes. An …

Obstructive cholestasis causes hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The
pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of liver disease are multiple …

The liver may be injured during the course of many systemic diseases. The mechanisms of
injury can be broadly divided into four pathways: vascular, toxic, immune, and hormonal …