Photovoltaic generation is one of the cleanest forms of energy conversion available. One of
the advantages offered by solar energy is its potential to provide sustainable electricity in …

Volcanic sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere produce significant long‐term solar and
infrared radiative perturbations in the Earth's atmosphere and at the surface, which cause a …

A team effort to develop a Community Integrated Earth System Model (CIESM) was initiated
in China in 2012. The model was based on NCAR Community Earth System Model (Version …

The EarthCARE satellite mission's objective is to retrieve profiles of aerosol and water cloud
physical properties from measurements made by its cloud-profiling radar, backscattering …

Volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere produce significant transitory solar and infrared
radiative perturbations, which warm the stratosphere, cool the surface and affect …

The interplay of sunlight with clouds is a ubiquitous and often pleasant visual experience,
but it conjures up major challenges for weather, climate, environmental science and beyond …

Though the single-layer solutions have been found for the δ-four-stream spherical harmonic
expansion method (SHM) in radiative transfer, there is lack of a corresponding doubling …

Abstract Two‐Stream Equations are the most parsimonious general models for radiative flux
transfer with one equation to model each of upward and downward fluxes; these are …

Presented is a parameterization of the liquid water droplet optical properties for the solar
spectrum. Two models are provided: a 4‐band model for use in general circulation models …

Various aspects of infrared radiative transfer through clouds are investigated. First, three
solutions to the IR radiative transfer equation are presented and assessed, each …