Regeneration is the process of replacing/restoring a damaged cell/tissue/organ to its full
function and is limited respecting complexity of specific organ structures and the level of …

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

The emerging roles of microglia are currently being investigated in the healthy and diseased
brain with a growing interest in their diverse functions. In recent years, it has been …

Microglial activation is a distinguished attribute in many neurodegenerative diseases of
aging. Compelling evidence suggests that neuroinflammation stimulated by microglia, the …

Adenosine receptors (ARs) comprise a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) which
mediate the physiological actions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes have been …

A. Cellular and Subcellular Localization B. Pharmacological Tools to Study Adenosine
Receptors C. Signaling Via Adenosine Receptors D. Regulation of Receptor Expression and …

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A
1 receptors (A 1 Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A 2A Rs. It is …

The purine nucleoside adenosine acts via four distinct adenosine receptor subtypes: the
adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptor. They are all G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) …

Purinergic signalling appears to play important roles in neurodegeneration, neuroprotection
and neuroregeneration. Initially there is a brief summary of the background of purinergic …

Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans and is lauded for its aroma and flavour.
It is the third most popular beverage in the world. This beverage is known by its stimulant …