The use of biomarkers as early warning systems in the evaluation of disease risk has
increased markedly in the last decade. Biomarkers are indicators of typical biological …

Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of
organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress …

Sweat is a potential biological fluid for the non-invasive analytical assessment of diverse
molecules, including biomarkers. Notwithstanding, the sampling methodology is critical, and …

In the modern world with climate changes and increasing pollution, different types of stress
are becoming an increasing challenge. Hence, the identification of reliable biomarkers of …

Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic balance of the
individual at the whole-body level and cause a state of stress. Stress affects the state of …

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL, Tc) is a type of T lymphocyte/white blood cell involved in
the host's cell-mediated immune response against cancerous cells, abnormal cells and cells …

Biomarkers are essential to clinical practice. Understanding the organized definition, types,
and roles of biomarkers in various clinical phases and diseases is crucial for understanding …

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL, Tc) is a type of T lymphocyte/white blood cell involved in
the host's cell-mediated immune response against cancerous cells, abnormal cells and cells …