Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease
(AD) impose a pressing burden on our developed and consequently aging society …

The state of the intestinal environment can have profound effects on the activity of the central
nervous system through the physiological contributions of the microbiota, regulation of …

Objective Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiome composition alterations affect
neurodegeneration through neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease …

The pathway leading from amyloid-β deposition to cognitive impairment is believed to be a
cornerstone of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, what drives amyloid …

In the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), the enteric nervous system (ENS) and
parasympathetic nerves are amongst the structures earliest and most frequently affected by …

Our understanding of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system in patients with Parkinson's
disease has increased substantially in the past decade. The entire gastrointestinal tract is …

Parkinson disease (PD) follows a defined clinical pattern, and a range of nonmotor
symptoms precede the motor phase. The predominant early nonmotor manifestations are …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) presently is conceptualized as a protein aggregation
disease in which pathology involves both the enteric and the central nervous system …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synucleinopathy that affects all levels of
the brain-gut axis including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Recently, it …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no cure. Most
patients suffer from sporadic PD, which is likely caused by a combination of genetic and …