Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is effective in producing bulk ultrafine-grained and
nanostructured materials with large densities of lattice defects. This field, also known as …

Gradient structures found in biological materials have served as a source of inspiration for
scientists seeking to enhance the performance of metals and alloys over the past decades …

Engineering metallic materials are an essential class of materials for a variety of industrial
applications due to their competitive mechanical properties, especially strength and ductility …

Gradient structured metals have been reported to exhibit high strength and high ductility.
Here we report that the strength of gradient structured aluminum rod is much higher than the …

The effect of cryogenic temperature (CT) on the graded microstructures obtained by severe
shot peening using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was investigated for two …

After a short recall of various techniques that use shots to induce surface severe plastic
deformation and a brief survey of the advantages of having a gradient structure for …

The beneficial effect of using cryogenic temperatures for the ultrasonic surface mechanical
attrition treatment (SMAT) is depicted in the case of the 304 L austenitic stainless steel. The …

Pure iron and its biocompatible and biodegradable alloys have a high potential to be used
for temporary load bearing medical implants. Nevertheless, the formation of passive iron …

Gradient nano-grained structures have been a promising technique to evade the strength-
ductility trade-off in metals and alloys. Therefore, in this work, the effect of surface …

Here an inverse gradient structure (IGS) is processed by induction heat treatment on
ultrafine-grained substrate, and a multi-gradient structure (MGS) is gained by surface …