The VitalBook e-book version of Biology of Fishes is only available only in the US and
Canada at the present time. To purchase or rent please visit https://store. vitalsource …

Ascidians are marine invertebrate chordates. Their tadpole larvae contain a dorsal tubular
nervous system, resulting from the rolling up of a neural plate. Along the anterior–posterior …

The Earth's oceans brim with an incredible diversity of microscopic lifeforms, including motile
planktonic larvae, whose survival critically depends on effective dispersal in the water …

For more than a century, studies on tunicate muscle formation have revealed many
principles of cell fate specification, gene regulation, morphogenesis, and evolution. Here, we …

Physical and chemical cues from the environment are used to direct animal behavior
through a complex network of connections originating in exteroceptors. In chordates …

Nanoplastics are considered contaminants of emerging concern at the global scale. The
recent evidence of their occurrence in seawater from the Mediterranean Sea calls for a …

Comparative studies on expression patterns of developmental genes along the anterior–
posterior axis of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) between vertebrates and …

A common CNS architecture is observed in all chordates, from vertebrates to basal
chordates like the ascidian Ciona. Ciona stands apart among chordates in having a …

The tadpole larva of ascidians, basal living relatives of vertebrates, has a chordate body
plan. The CNS has many homologies with that of vertebrates yet only about 100 neurons …

The visceral ganglion (VG) comprises the basic motor pool of the swimming ascidian
tadpole and has been proposed to be homologous to the spinal cord of vertebrates. Here …