The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a central route for oxidative phosphorylation in cells,
and fulfills their bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and redox balance requirements. Despite early …

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare malignancy, accounting for 1–2% of all thyroid
cancers. Although rare, ATC accounts for the majority of deaths from thyroid carcinoma. ATC …

Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy. There has been exciting progress in
understanding its molecular pathogenesis in recent years, as best exemplified by the …

Two Krebs cycle genes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), are
mutated in a subset of human cancers, leading to accumulation of their substrates, fumarate …

In the past few years, it has become clear that mutations in epigenetic regulatory genes are
common in human cancers. Therapeutic strategies are now being developed to target …

Carcinogenesis involves uncontrolled cell growth, which follows the activation of oncogenes
and/or the deactivation of tumor suppression genes. Metastasis requires down-regulation of …

Genes encoding for isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2, IDH1 and IDH2, are frequently
mutated in multiple types of human cancer. Mutations targeting IDH1 and IDH2 result in …

The TET (ten–eleven translocation) family of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent
dioxygenases catalyzes the sequential oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5 …

Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome are non-hereditary skeletal disorders characterized by
multiple enchondromas (Ollier disease) combined with spindle cell hemangiomas (Maffucci …

The discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are α-ketoglutarate-dependent
dioxygenases involved in the conversion of 5-methylcytosines (5-mC) to 5 …