Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related
(ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression …

Autophagy is a vital lysosomal degradation pathway that serves as a quality control
mechanism. It rids the cell of damaged, toxic or excess cellular components, which if left to …

Summary ATG9A and ATG2A are essential core members of the autophagy machinery.
ATG9A is a lipid scramblase that allows equilibration of lipids across a membrane bilayer …

De novo formation of the double-membrane compartment autophagosome is seeded by
small vesicles carrying membrane protein autophagy-related 9 (ATG9), the function of which …

The mechanism that initiates autophagosome formation on the ER in multicellular organisms
is elusive. Here, we showed that autophagy stimuli trigger Ca 2+ transients on the outer …

Mitochondria are multifunctional subcellular organelles essential for cellular energy
homeostasis and apoptotic cell death. It is, therefore, crucial to maintain mitochondrial …

Macroautophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers diverse cytoplasmic
materials to lysosomes via autophagosomes. Recent advances have enabled identification …

Endomembrane damage elicits homeostatic responses including ESCRT-dependent
membrane repair and autophagic removal of damaged organelles. Previous studies have …

Macroautophagy involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-membrane
autophagosome and their delivery to lysosomes for degradation. In multicellular organisms …

Autophagosome biogenesis involves de novo formation of a membrane that elongates to
sequester cytoplasmic cargo and closes to form a double-membrane vesicle (an …