Foam cells play a vital role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This review
aims to summarize the novel insights into the origins, consequences, and molecular …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is a major cause of coronary heart
disease and stroke in humans. It is characterized by intimal plaques and cholesterol …

The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives.
Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes …

Insufficient oxygen availability (hypoxia) is a precursor to numerous cardiovascular
diseases, including atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. The main …

Oxidative stress, inflammation, and foam cell formation in vascular smooth muscle cells
(VSMCs) are considered to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Poria …

The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves a complex interplay of endothelial dysfunction,
lipid accumulation, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, matrix turnover …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. In
response to this and other worldwide health epidemics, nanomedicine has emerged as a …

Vildagliptin is a representative of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors,
antihyperglycemic drugs, approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type …

Vascular‐targeted nanocarriers are an attractive option for the treatment of a number of
cardiovascular diseases, as they allow for more specific delivery and increased efficacy of …

Atherosclerosis is the pathologic process of lipid accumulation, scarring, and inflammation in
the vascular wall, particularly the subendothelial (intimal) space of arteries, leading to …