Relapsing fever group Borrelia (RFGB) are motile spirochetes transmitted to mammalian or
avian hosts through the bite of hematophagous arthropods, such as soft ticks (Argasidae) …

Tick borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a zoonosis caused by various Borrelia species
transmitted to humans by both soft-bodied and (more recently recognized) hard-bodied ticks …

Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens affecting both human and animal health. In temperate
and cold regions of Europe (Western, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe), the most …

Borrelia miyamotoi is classified as a relapsing fever spirochete. Although B. miyamotoi is
genetically and ecologically distinct from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, both …

Background In order to evaluate the risk of human exposure to tick-borne pathogens in
Belgium, a study on the prevalence of several pathogens was conducted on feeding ticks …

Background Various studies have evaluated the infection of Ixodes ticks and humans with
the relapsing fever spirochaete Borrelia miyamotoi. However, to our knowledge, the …

Simple Summary Up to date studies indicate that wild hedgehogs may act as carriers and/or
hosts for bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens with zoonotic potential, posing a significant …

Citizen science may be described as a research involving communities and individuals,
other than scientists. Following this approach, along with the evidence of a high prevalence …

Despite the increasingly recognized eco-epidemiological importance of ticks as vectors for
numerous zoonotic pathogens in urban areas, data regarding the pathogen diversity and co …

Pathogens that traffic in the blood of their hosts must employ mechanisms to evade the host
innate immune system, including the complement cascade. The Lyme disease spirochete …