The 364 exon TTN gene encodes titin (TTN), the largest known protein, which plays key
structural, developmental, mechanical, and regulatory roles in cardiac and skeletal muscles …

Myofibrillogenesis in striated muscles is a highly complex process that depends on the
coordinated assembly and integration of a large number of contractile, cytoskeletal, and …

The perception of the Z-disc in striated muscle has undergone significant changes in the
past decade. Traditionally, the Z-disc has been viewed as a passive constituent of the …

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction is widely accepted as the means by which
muscles generate force during activation. Within the constraints of this theory, isometric …

Calpains are Ca 2+-regulated proteolytic enzymes that are involved in a variety of biological
phenomena. Calpains process substrates by limited proteolysis to modulate various protein …

Calpain 3 is a member of the calpain family of calcium-dependent intracellular proteases.
Thirteen years ago it was discovered that mutations in calpain 3 (CAPN3) result in an …

Calpain 3 is a 94‐kDa calcium‐dependent cysteine protease mainly expressed in skeletal
muscle. In this tissue, it localizes at several regions of the sarcomere through binding to the …

p94/calpain 3 is a skeletal muscle-specific Ca 2+-regulated cysteine protease (calpain), and
genetic loss of p94 protease activity causes muscular dystrophy (calpainopathy). In addition …

In the cross-bridge theory, contractile force is produced by cross-bridges that form between
actin and myosin filaments. However, when a contracting muscle is stretched, its active force …

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A results from mutations in the gene encoding the
calpain 3 protease. Mutations in this disease are inherited in an autosomal recessive …