Adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones,
collectively called melanocortin peptides, exert multiple effects upon the host. These effects …

Melanins are a ubiquitous component of plumage colouration in birds and serve a wide
variety of functions. Although the genetic control of melanism has been studied in chickens …

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-
, β-, γ-MSH), collectively known as melanocortins, together with their receptors (melanocortin …

The neural melanocortin receptors, melanocortin-3 and-4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R),
have been shown to regulate different aspects of energy homeostasis in rodents. Human …

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH1–39) and the melanocortins (α, β and γ-melanocyte-
stimulating hormone [MSH]) are derived from a larger precursor molecule known as the pro …

The ocular microenvironment has adapted several negative regulators of inflammation to
maintain immune privilege and health of the visual axis. Several constitutively produced …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors involved
in the regulation of almost all known physiological processes. Dysfunctions of GPCR …

Membranous nephropathy is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in
adults. Recent reports suggest that treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) …

We have cloned melanocortin receptors (MCRs) from several species of fish. The MC4R and
MC5R subtypes arose early in vertebrate evolution and their primary structure is remarkably …

Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) has an unusual dual topology and
influences the expression, localisation, signalling and internalisation of the melanocortin …