This paper describes the contemporary state of knowledge regarding processes that
regulate normal development of the embryonic–fetal central nervous system (CNS). The …

Background and Objectives: Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida, a
congenital neural tube defect arising from an incomplete neural tube closure during early …

Objective This revised guideline is intended to provide an update on the genetic aspects,
prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management of fetal neural tube defects. Target …

Open spina bifida is the most common congenital anomaly of the central nervous system
compatible with life. Prenatal repair of open spina bifida via open maternal-fetal surgery has …

The human bladder has been long thought to be sterile until that, only in the last decade,
advances in molecular biology have shown that the human urinary tract is populated with …

Worldwide, about 150 000 infants are born with spina bifida yearly, making this condition
one of the most common fetal central nervous system anomalies compatible with life. Over …

Objective Ambulatory outcomes from children who underwent a new minimally invasive fetal
spina bifida surgery approach are included in this study for the first time. Identifying cases …

The prevalence of birth defects in China is 4–6% of all live births, equivalent to 0.8–1.2
million live births with a defect annually1. The Chinese government values the prevention …

Introduction Spinal dysraphism (SD) is a general term used to refer to developmental
abnormalities of the spine that involves many clinical conditions including …

Prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele remains challenging for obstetricians,
ultrasonographers, and radiologists, although the increased maternal serum alpha …