In the past decade, nanoscale solid materials have become very important because of their
special properties, 1, 2 and the nanomaterials field has gained increasing attention from …

In spite of all promising perspectives for nanofiltration, not only in drinking water production
but also in wastewater treatment, the food industry, the chemical and pharmaceutical …

Results from well-controlled colloidal fouling experiments with reverse osmosis (RO) and
nanofiltration (NF) membranes suggest the existence of a new source of flux decline for salt …

The contribution of acid–base (AB)(polar) interactions to the total interaction energy between
membranes and colloids was investigated. The surface energetics of several membranes …

Membrane fouling remains a notorious problem in microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF),
and a systematic understanding of the fouling mechanisms is fundamental for solving this …

Membranes play a crucial role in ensuring the optimum use and recovery of materials in
manufacturing. This book examines current membrane fabrication methods and how they …

The growth of the membrane technologies has fell far behind the initial anticipation, one of
the major obstacles, which hinders more widespread of its application, is that the filtration …

Colloidal fouling is still one of the major impediments for the implementation of membrane
processes, eg in the purification of surface water. Effects of fouling for several representative …

Spherical-fly-ash-based membrane is a new kind of ceramic membrane which is recently
developed. It is not only a low-cost but also a theoretically low resistance membrane due to …

Fouling caused by soluble microbial products (SMP) in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is a
critical problem, and a general understanding on SMP fouling behaviors has not been well …