This paper investigates a number of general phenomena connected with consumer
behaviour in response to a severe economic shock, using billions of French card …

Using a survey of 5,504 respondents from 22 European countries, we examine preferences
regarding cash and cashless payments at the point of sale (POS) during the COVID-19 …

We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven
countries. The seven diary surveys were conducted in 2009 (Canada), 2010 (Australia) …

In this paper, we investigate the effect of an epidemic outbreak on consumer expenditures.
In light of scanner panel data on consumers' debit and credit card transactions, we present …

This paper investigates the effects of the pandemic containment periods in France on
individuals' movements, expenditure and adaptation to the shock, using billions of French …

The recent worldwide development and widespread use of electronic payment systems has
provided an opportunity to explore new sources of data for the monitoring of macroeconomic …

Epidemics and their resulting pandemics have become essential factors influencing
economic development, financial stability, poverty, and ultimately a country's innovation …

We consider the potential usefulness of a large set of electronic payments data, comprising
the values and numbers of both debit card transactions and cheques that clear through the …

This paper uses firm‐level information to analyse the impact of epidemic outbreak risk on
individual firms' performance. Its impact on performance materializes mainly through …

This study investigates whether the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in
Korea affected online and offline retail sales and determines the presence of a substitution …