Envisioned to be the next-generation Internet, the metaverse has been attracting enormous
attention from both the academia and industry. The metaverse can be viewed as a 3D …

In the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the adoption and recognition
of blockchain technology. The increasing demand for blockchain technology has led to its …

In the evolving context of distributed ledger technologies, the standardization of smart
contracts is necessary. Smart contracts are tamper-proof computer programs. Due to their …

In modern decentralized Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based sensor communications,
pseudonoise-diffusion oracles are heavily investigated as random oracles for data …

Data trading in the Internet of Things (IoT) based on off-chain payment has attracted a lot of
attention recently since it can significantly improve transaction throughput and reduce …

To conceal the actual output address, the stealth address protocol generates a one-time
temporary output address for the blockchain. The user identity privacy is improved here by …

We consider a project (model) owner that would like to train a model by utilizing the local
private data and compute power of interested data owners, ie, trainers. Our goal is to design …

This study evaluates the integration of blockchain technology into educational gaming,
examining its positive and negative aspects. Adhering to the PRISMA protocol, our …

With the increasing popularity of nonfungible tokens (NFTs), blockchain developers began
applying the technology in gaming. NFTs represent in-game digital assets only controlled by …

Consensus algorithms can be considered as the core of blockchain technology. Different
algorithms provide various advantages and disadvantages to the platform, which can cause …