The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized, unique epithelial cell that
interacts with photoreceptors on its apical side and with Bruch's membrane and the …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic and progressive degenerative
disease of the retina, which culminates in blindness and affects mainly the elderly …

Purpose Geographic atrophy (GA), a late stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD),
is a major cause of blindness. Even while central visual acuity remains relatively well …

Abstract The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of
common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of …

Inflammation is a cellular response to factors that challenge the homeostasis of cells and
tissues. Cell-associated and soluble pattern-recognition receptors, eg Toll-like receptors …

Background: Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of severe, irreversible
vision impairment in developed countries. The primary risk factors for the development of …

A biomarker can be a substance or structure measured in body parts, fluids or products that
can affect or predict disease incidence. As age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the …

The complement system is a key innate immune defence against infection and an important
driver of inflammation; however, these very properties can also cause harm. Inappropriate or …

Resident microglial cells can be regarded as the immunological watchdogs of the brain and
the retina. They are active sensors of their neuronal microenvironment and rapidly respond …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness in older
individuals. To accelerate the understanding of AMD biology and help design new …