Ethereum, the world's second largest cryptocurrency with a market capitalization exceeding
120 billion USD as of this writing, aims to switch from Proof-of-Work (PoW) to Proof-of-Stake …

Dynamic participation has recently become a crucial requirement for devising
(permissionless) consensus protocols. This notion, originally formalized by Pass and Shi …

Currently, Gasper, the implemented consensus protocol of Ethereum, takes between 64 and
95 slots to finalize blocks. Because of that, a significant portion of the chain is susceptible to …

The latest message driven (LMD) greedy heaviest observed sub-tree (GHOST) consensus
protocol is a critical component of future proof-of-stake (PoS) Ethereum. In its current form …

The latest message driven (LMD) greedy heaviest observed sub-tree (GHOST) consensus
protocol is a critical component of proof-of-stake (PoS) Ethereum. In its current form, the …

Validators in permissionless, large-scale blockchains (eg, Ethereum) are typically payoff-
maximizing, rational actors. Ethereum relies on in-protocol incentives, like rewards for …