Snake venom three-finger α-neurotoxins (α-3FNTx) act on postsynaptic nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to produce skeletal …

Snake venoms have been subjected to increasingly sensitive analyses for well over 100
years, but most research has been restricted to front-fanged snakes, which actually …

Mambas (genus Dendroaspis) are among the most feared of the medically important elapid
snakes found in sub-Saharan Africa, but many facets of their biology, including the diversity …

Lancehead pit-vipers (Bothrops genus) are an extremely diverse and medically important
group responsible for the greatest number of snakebite envenomations and deaths in South …

Snake venoms are complex mixtures of toxins that differ on interspecific (between species)
and intraspecific (within species) levels. Whether venom variation within a group of closely …

Venom is a key evolutionary trait, as evidenced by its widespread convergent evolution
across the animal kingdom. In an escalating prey-predator arms race, venoms evolve rapidly …

Australia is the stronghold of the front-fanged venomous snake family Elapidae. The
Australasian elapid snake radiation, which includes approximately 100 terrestrial species in …

Background Non-front-fanged colubroid snakes comprise about two-thirds of extant
ophidian species. The medical significance of the majority of these snakes is unknown, but …

Prey-selective venoms and toxins have been documented across only a few species of
snakes. The lack of research in this area has been due to the absence of suitably flexible …

Millions of years of evolution have fine-tuned the ability of venom peptides to rapidly
incapacitate both prey and potential predators. Toxicofera reptiles are characterized by …