Herbivory is a fundamental process that controls primary producer abundance and regulates
energy and nutrient flows to higher trophic levels. Despite the recent proliferation of small …

Salt marshes occur globally across climatic and coastal settings, providing key linkages
between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, salt marsh science lacks a unifying …

Restoring vegetation in degraded ecosystems is an increasingly common practice for
promoting biodiversity and ecological function, but successful implementation is hampered …

Nutrients and herbivores are well‐known drivers of grassland diversity and stability in local
communities. However, whether they interact to impact the stability of aboveground biomass …

Ecological studies of plant distributions along environmental gradients, such as plant
zonation in salt marshes, have primarily focused on abiotic stress and plant interactions …

Across Europe, ungulate numbers have greatly increased over the past decades, leading to
increasing concerns about the ecological and economical impacts and pleas for stronger …

Coastal vegetation plays an important role for climate change mitigation. Compared with
terrestrial ecosystems, coastal vegetation shows higher rates of atmospheric CO2 uptake …

Ecologists have long been interested in identifying and testing factors that drive top‐down or
bottom‐up regulation of communities. Most studies have focused on factors that directly …

Synthesis The interplay between bottom‐up and top‐down effects is certainly a general
manifestation of any changes in both species abundances and diversity. Summary …

Both bottom‐up (eg, nutrients) and top‐down (eg, herbivory) forces structure plant
communities, but it remains unclear how they affect the relative importance of stochastic and …