The central role of dysregulated kinase activity in the etiology of progressive disorders,
including cancer, has fostered incremental efforts on drug discovery programs over the past …

1.1. Brief Historical Overview As expected from the fluorine position on the periodic table of
elements, it possesses some extreme properties, in particular, ultimate electronegativity and …

Control of protein levels by nucleic-acid-based technologies has proven to be a useful
research tool but lacks the advantages of small molecules with respect to cell permeability …

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was
first recognized in 2004 as a distinct, clinically relevant molecular subset of lung cancer. The …

Vascular epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), as an important tyrosine
transmembrane protein, plays an important role in regulating endothelial cell proliferation …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, is often
diagnosed at an advanced stage when most potentially curative therapies such as resection …

The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for the glial cell line-derived
neurotrophic factor family of ligands. Loss-of-function mutations in RET are implicated in …

The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and anaplastic
oligodendroglioma remains poor despite standard treatment with radiotherapy and …

The epidermal growth factor receptor is a member of type-I growth factor receptor family with
tyrosine kinase activity that is activated following the binding of multiple cognate ligands …

EGFR is a trans-membrane receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the HER family of
receptors. The EGFR family plays an essential role in normal organ development by …