Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces
severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide …

Introduction Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is the inexplicable aggravation of cellular
dysfunction that results in blood flow restoration to previously ischemic tissues. COX …

Vitamin D deficiency is believed to affect between 35 and 55% of the world's population,
making it a hidden pandemic. In addition to its role in bone and calcium homeostasis …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability.
The only FDA-approved therapy for treating stroke is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) …

Caspases are intimately associated with altering various signaling pathways, resulting in
programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis is necessary for the normal homeostasis of …

TBI has been one of the top causes of death and morbidity worldwide, yet despite enormous
efforts to discover neuroprotective therapeutics for this serious disease, no beneficial …

Renal I/R injury is a severe medical condition contributing to acute kidney injury (AKI),
leading to rapid kidney dysfunction and high mortality rates. It is generally observed during …

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 has been identified as an important therapeutic target in
psychiatric illnesses. Hypoxia is a condition in which tissues do not receive enough oxygen …

The inflammatory and immunological responses play a significant role after stroke. The
innate immune activation stimulated by microglia during stroke results in the migration of …

Several experimental studies have linked adenosine's neuroprotective role in cerebral
ischemia. During ischemia, adenosine is formed due to intracellular ATP breakdown into …