Hypospadias results from a failure of urethral closure in the male phallus and affects 1 in
200-300 boys. It is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors …

BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external
genitalia. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, which is probably a mix of monogenic …

BACKGROUND Although prescription drug use is common during pregnancy, the human
teratogenic risks are undetermined for more than 90% of drug treatments approved in the …

After testis formation, further development of a male phenotype (masculinisation) is driven by
three hormones from the foetal testis: anti-Müllerian hormone, insulin-like factor 3, and …

During the last decade, a tremendous amount of work has been devoted to the study of the
molecular genetics of isolated hypospadias and cryptorchidism, two minor forms of disorders …

Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality of the penile urethra with an incidence of
approximately 1: 200–1: 300 male births, which has doubled over the past three decades …

Hypospadias, a developmental defect of the penis, is one of the most common congenital
malformations in humans. Its incidence has rapidly increased over recent decades, and this …

Developmental toxicity testing urgently requires the implementation of human-relevant new
approach methodologies (NAMs) that better recapitulate the peculiar nature of human …

T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated inflammatory responses predominate in the early
pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD), whereas Th2 cell-mediated immunity may play a role …

Oxytocin (OT) is released by the posterior pituitary during male orgasm and is supposed to
participate in the ejaculatory process. We now report evidence demonstrating the presence …