Advanced, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis with median
life expectancy of approximately 1 year. Overexpression of PD-L1 in tumor cells and PD-1 …

Cancer arises from the acquisition of multiple genetic and epigenetic changes in host cells
over the span of many years, promoting oncogenic traits and carcinogenesis. Most cancers …

Background Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell malignancy that is mostly
restricted to the bone marrow. Cancer-induced dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells at the tumor …

Despite the advances in screening protocols and treatment options, hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) is still considered to be the most lethal malignancy in patients with liver …

We report here the successful vectorization of a hamster monoclonal IgG (namely J43)
recognizing the murine Programmed cell death-1 (mPD-1) in Western Reserve (WR) …

Phase 2 clinical trials utilising novel anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibodies are being conducted in oral
cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. However, data regarding PD-L1 …

Abstract Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that
plays prominent functional roles in nearly all aspects of cell biology. As a chaperone, it …

Historically, metastatic melanoma was uniformly and rapidly lethal, and treatment options
were limited. In recent years, however, checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as an accepted …

Simple Summary As a solid tumor, melanoma is not only a tumor mass of monolithic tumor
cells, but it also contains supporting stroma, extracellular matrix (ECM), and soluble …

Cancer immunotherapy has become a well‐established treatment option for some cancers
after the development of a family of drugs targeting the so‐called immune checkpoints, such …