Abstract Using three-dimensional (3D) indoor environments in pedestrian evacuation
simulations is increasingly active. However, a systemic review that reflects the latest …

Building evacuation strategies directly affect the success of an emergency response plan in
reaction to a disastrous event in a building. Evacuation alternatives result from applying time …

Evacuation planning is important for reducing casualties in toxic gas leak incidents.
However, most evacuation plans are too qualitative to be applied to unexpected practical …

Path planning is involved in many applications such as trajectory planning, mobile robotics,
pipeline layout, etc. Researchers use artificial intelligence algorithms to solve path planning …

The optimization of passenger evacuation path in subway station under emergencies
directly affects the evacuation efficiency. Aiming at the evacuation scenario of passengers in …

The number of urban tunnels has been increasing rapidly, accompanied by frequent tunnel
fire accidents owing to the complex tunnel structure and large traffic flow. In this study, a full …

Worldwide, forest fires exert effects on natural ecosystems, contributing to economic/human
losses, health effects, and climate change. Spectral indices are an essential tool for …

Evacuation plans are subject to many restrictions in the event of a fire, and unreasonable
evacuation guidance methods can affect efficiency and even cause danger. In the current …

Objectives Major disasters and accidents happened from time to time, posing serious threats
to the people's lives, property, and sustainable developments of human social economy. As …

Timely evacuation and rescue in an emergency are significantly important to avoid serious
injuries and death in a residential building. Previous studies regarding building emergency …