The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest
over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the …

Epithelial cells repress epithelial characteristics and elaborate mesenchymal characteristics
to migrate to other locations and acquire new properties. Epithelial plasticity responses are …

The breast is a dynamic organ whose response to physiological and pathophysiological
conditions alters its disease susceptibility, yet the specific effects of these clinical variables …

Cancer metastasis and therapy resistance are the major unsolved clinical challenges, and
account for nearly all cancer-related deaths. Both metastasis and therapy resistance are …

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) formation are two
paramount processes driving tumor progression, therapy resistance, and cancer metastasis …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process by which epithelial cells lose
their characteristics and acquire mesenchymal traits to promote cell movement. This …

The potential roles of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in tumor initiation and recurrence
have been recognized for many decades. Due to their strong capacity for self-renewal and …

Functional studies giving insight into the biology of circulating tumor cells (CTC s) remain
scarce due to the low frequency of CTC s and lack of appropriate models. Here, we describe …

R-spondin (RSPO) proteins constitute a family of four secreted glycoproteins (RSPO1–4)
that have appeared as multipotent signaling ligands. The best-known molecular function of …

The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept stands for undifferentiated tumor cells with the ability to
initiate heterogeneous tumors. It is also relevant in metastasis and can explain how …