Emerging plans for travel to Mars and other deep space destinations make it critical for us to
understand how spaceflight affects the human brain and behavior. Research over the past …

Purpose Recent work showed an increased risk of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc
(IVD) herniations in astronauts. The European Space Agency asked the authors to advise on …

Astronauts returning from space flight and performing Earth-bound activities must rapidly
transition from the microgravity-adapted sensorimotor state to that of Earth's gravity. The goal …

Background Adverse effects of spaceflight on sensorimotor function have been linked to
altered somatosensory and vestibular inputs in the microgravity environment. Whether these …

As plans develop for Mars missions, it is important to understand how long-duration
spaceflight impacts brain health. Here we report how 12-month (n= 2 astronauts) versus 6 …

INTRODUCTION: Postflight postural ataxia reflects both the control strategies adopted for
movement in microgravity and the direct effects of deconditioning. Computerized dynamic …

The modifications induced by microgravity on the coordinated patterns of movement of the
head, trunk, and limbs are reported on extensively. However, apparently there is little data …

Ocular structural and functional changes, including optic disk edema and reduction of near
visual acuity, have been recently described in some astronauts returning from long-duration …

Astronauts experience disturbances in balance and gait function when they return to Earth.
The highly plastic human brain enables individuals to modify their behavior to match the …

Background Long duration spaceflight (ie, 22 days or longer) has been associated with
changes in sensorimotor systems, resulting in difficulties that astronauts experience with …