The pancreas is made from two distinct components: the exocrine pancreas, a reservoir of
digestive enzymes, and the endocrine islets, the source of the vital metabolic hormone …

Biologists have long been intrigued by the possibility that cells can change their identity, a
phenomenon known as cellular plasticity. The discovery that terminally differentiated cells …

Stem-cell-based therapies can potentially reverse organ dysfunction and diseases, but the
removal of impaired tissue and activation of a program leading to organ regeneration pose …

Seven ligands bind to and activate the mammalian epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor
(EGFR/ERBB1/HER1): EGF, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFA), heparin-binding EGF …

The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is
crucial for transducing signals from a variety of metabolically relevant hormones and …

Diabetes is the result of having inadequate supply of functional insulin-producing β cells.
Two possible approaches for replenishing the β cells are:(1) replacement by transplanting …

Diabetes mellitus are complex, multi‐organ metabolic pathologies characterized by
hyperglycemia. Emerging evidence shows that the highly conserved and potent JAK/STAT …

The immune system, best known as the first line of defense against invading pathogens, is
integral to tissue development, homeostasis, and wound repair. In recent years, there has …

Successful strategies for treating type 1 diabetes need to restore the function of pancreatic
beta cells that are destroyed by the immune system and overcome further destruction of …

Background Insulin producing beta cell and glucagon producing alpha cells are colocalized
in pancreatic islets in an arrangement that facilitates the coordinated release of the two …