Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are some of the vital
nutrients required for optimum growth, development, and productivity of plants. The …

Main conclusion This review highlights the most recent updated information available about
Zn phytotoxicity at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, uptake mechanisms as …

Zinc (Zn), which is regarded as a crucial micronutrient for plants, and is considered to be a
vital micronutrient for plants. Zn has a significant role in the biochemistry and metabolism of …

Zinc plays many essential roles in life. As a strong Lewis acid that lacks redox activity under
environmental and cellular conditions, the Zn 2+ cation is central in determining protein …

Worldwide, the effects of metal and metalloid toxicity are increasing, mainly due to
anthropogenic causes. Soil contamination ranks among the most important factors, since it …

Lignin is one of the main components of plant cell wall and it is a natural phenolic polymer
with high molecular weight, complex composition and structure. Lignin biosynthesis …

Cd is the third major contaminant of greatest hazard to the environment after mercury and
lead and is considered as the only metal that poses health risks to both humans and animals …

Hormesis is a favorable response to low level exposures to substance or to adverse
conditions. This phenomenon has become a target to achieve greater crop productivity. This …

Cadmium is a non-essential trace metal, which is highly toxic to nearly all living organisms.
Soil pollution causes Cd contamination of crops, thereby rendering plant products …

Micronutrients like copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) are essential for
plants, and their functions are tightly linked for vital metabolism. The normal concentration …