Simple Summary Environmental conditions are subject to unprecedented changes due to
recent progressive anthropogenic activities on our planet. Plants, as the frontline of food …

Presence of heavy metals in agricultural soils is of major environmental concern and a great
threat to life on the earth. A number of human health risks are associated with heavy metals …

Background In response to various environmental stresses, many plant species synthesize L-
proline in the cytosol and accumulates in the chloroplasts. L-Proline accumulation in plants …

Dramatic accumulation of proline is a common physiological response in plants exposed to
various abiotic stresses. Accumulation of proline could be due to de novo synthesis …

When exposed to stressful conditions, plants accumulate an array of metabolites, particularly
amino acids. Amino acids have traditionally been considered as precursors to and …

Significance: The imino acid proline is utilized by different organisms to offset cellular
imbalances caused by environmental stress. The wide use in nature of proline as a stress …

Understanding the molecular mechanism of tolerance to heavy metals in hyperaccumulators
is important for improving the efficiency of phytoremediation and is interesting for …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated as a consequence of plant
metabolic processes due to incomplete reduction of O 2. Previously considered to be only …

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in
plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive …

Plant secondary metabolites are having the great application in human health and
nutritional aspect. Plant cell and organ culture systems are feasible option for the production …