Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and
are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus …

Photoprotection of photosystem II (PSII) is essential to avoid the light-induced damage of the
photosynthetic apparatus due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (= photo-oxidative …

Phycobilisome (PBS) structures are elaborate antennae in cyanobacteria and red algae,.
These large protein complexes capture incident sunlight and transfer the energy through a …

For photosynthesis, phototrophic organisms necessarily synthesize not only chlorophylls but
also carotenoids. Many kinds of carotenoids are found in algae and, recently, taxonomic …

Sunlight damages photosynthetic machinery, primarily photosystem II (PSII), and causes
photoinhibition that can limit plant photosynthetic activity, growth and productivity. The extent …

All photosynthetic organisms need to regulate light harvesting for photoprotection. Three
types of flexible non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms have been characterized …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic metabolism and potent agents
that cause oxidative damage. In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria …

Marine picocyanobacteria of the genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus numerically
dominate the picophytoplankton of the world ocean, making a key contribution to global …

Light is necessary for photosynthesis, but its absorption by pigment molecules such as
chlorophyll can cause severe oxidative damage and result in cell death. The excess …

High-light illumination of photosynthetic organisms stimulates the production of singlet
oxygen by photosystem II (PSII) and causes photo-oxidative stress. In the PSII reaction …