Macular edema consists of intra-or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It
occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of …

Breakdown of the inner endothelial blood-retinal barrier (BRB), as occurs in diabetic
retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis and other …

Müller cells, the major type of glial cells in the retina, are responsible for the homeostatic and
metabolic support of retinal neurons. By mediating transcellular ion, water, and bicarbonate …

Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma,
diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of preventable blindness, has been
considered a microcirculatory disease of the retina. However, there is emerging evidence to …

Due to their permanent and close proximity to neurons, glial cells perform essential tasks for
the normal physiology of the retina. Astrocytes and Müller cells (retinal macroglia) provide …

Müller cells are the major glia of the retina that serve numerous functions essential to retinal
homeostasis, yet the contribution of Müller glial dysfunction to retinal diseases remains …

Diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of
vision loss in adults. Glial cells have a key role in maintenance of central nervous system …

Müller cells, the principal glial cells of the retina, support the synaptic activity by the uptake
and metabolization of extracellular neurotransmitters. Müller cells express uptake and …

Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa includes a group of progressive retinal degenerative
diseases that affect the structure and function of photoreceptors. Secondarily to the loss of …