The Earth's magnetic field is powered by energy supplied by the slow cooling and freezing
of the liquid iron core. Efforts to determine the thermal and chemical history of the core have …

The terrestrial planets accreted from a diverse suite of solar system materials ranging from
strongly O-deficient materials similar to enstatite chondrites via ordinary chondrite materials …

Geological evidence indicates that grounded ice sheets reached sea level at all latitudes
during two long-lived Cryogenian (58 and≥ 5 My) glaciations. Combined uranium-lead and …

The rate at which heat is extracted across the core mantle boundary (CMB) is constrained by
the requirement of dynamo action in the core. This constraint can be computed explicitly …

Earth's magnetic field is generated by turbulent motion in its fluid outer core. Although the
bulk of the outer core is vigorously convecting and well mixed, some seismic, geomagnetic …

Elucidating the processes in the liquid core that have produced observed palaeointensity
changes over the last 3.5 Gyr is crucial for understanding the dynamics and long-term …

Geomagnetic observations from satellites have highlighted interannual variations in the rate
of change of the magnetic field originating from Earth's core. Downward continued to the …

This paper reviews the remarkable developments in numerical geodynamo simulations over
the last few years. Simulations with Ekman numbers as low as E= 10− 8 E= 10− 8 are now …

Electrical and thermal transport properties of liquid Fe under high pressure have important
implications for the dynamics and thermal evolution of planetary cores and the geodynamo …

The thermal conductivity of iron alloys at high pressures and temperatures is a critical
parameter in governing (a) the present-day heat flow out of Earth's core,(b) the inferred age …