Background The reindeer (or caribou, Rangifer tarandus L.) has a natural range extending
over much of Eurasia's and North America's arctic, alpine and boreal zones, yet its impact on …

Grazing and trampling by semi-domesticated reindeer are important factors controlling
vegetation in northern Fennoscandia. In this article we review Nordic studies on the effects …

Climate warming is predicted to alter ecological boundaries in high‐latitude ecosystems
including the elevational or latitudinal extent of tall shrubs in Arctic and alpine tundra. Over …

South-facing slopes (SFS) may receive six times higher solar radiation than north-facing
slopes (NFS). Although located only a few hundred meters apart, the microclimatic …

Both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence suggests that herbivory in general and
mammalian winter herbivory in particular is important in arctic–alpine ecosystems. Although …

The Baltic Sea ecosystem has undergone large changes during the last two decades,
including a severe reduction in cod and herring biomass but, at the same time, a large …

Summary 1 Browsing by large mammals may strongly constrain the growth and reproduction
of woody plants, and may alter the food quality and resource availability for herbivorous …

Although the influence of positive interactions on plant and sessile communities has been
well documented, surprisingly little is known about their role in structuring terrestrial animal …

Reindeer Rangifer tarandus L. grazing shapes forest vegetation, microclimate, and soil
respiration in Lapland, especially due to grazing on lichens (Cladina). We studied how these …

1. Insect herbivory may have not only negative but also positive plant-mediated effects on
other insect herbivores. We investigated plant-mediated effects of the stem gall midge …