Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, covid-19 has spread and had a profound effect on
the lives and health of people around the globe. As of 4 July 2021, more than 183 million …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical syndrome of acute
respiratory failure as a result of diffuse lung inflammation and oedema. ARDS can be …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in up to 25% of critically-ill patients with SARS-
CoV-2 infection, especially in those with underlying comorbidities. AKI is associated with …

The prevalence of direct kidney involvement in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is
low, but such involvement is a marker of multiple organ dysfunction and severe disease …

The novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has turned into a life‐threatening pandemic disease
(Covid‐19). About 5% of patients with Covid‐19 have severe symptoms including septic …

Sepsis is a dysregulated immune response to an infection that leads to organ dysfunction.
Knowledge of the pathophysiology of organ failure in sepsis is crucial for optimizing the …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common among hospitalized patients with Coronavirus
Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the occurrence of AKI ranging from 0.5% to 80 …

Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-
2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become an on-going global health emergency affecting over 94 million …

Background Multi-organ dysfunction in critical illness is common and frequently involves the
lungs and kidneys, often requiring organ support such as invasive mechanical ventilation …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel class of immunotherapy drugs that have
improved the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers as metastatic melanoma, non-small …