Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) provide dorsal somatosensory
system functional and localizing information, and complement motor evoked potentials …

Recently, many surgeons have been using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
(IOM) in spinal surgery to reduce the incidence of postoperative neurological complications …

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) are used to assess the functional status of
somatosensory pathways during surgical procedures and can help protect patients' …

OBJECTIVE Despite the surge in the intraoperative use of the bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR)
during lumbosacral surgeries, there are as yet no widely accepted BCR warning criteria for …

The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) is mediated by the sacral somatic afferent/efferent
periphery as well as the sacral cord. Unfortunately, the reflex has suffered from a partly …

Background In conus medullaris and cauda equina surgery, identification of the sacral nerve
roots may be uncertain in spite of their anatomical/radiological landmarks. Mapping the …

Bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) monitoring is used to assess the integrity of urinary and
bowel function. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of BCR monitoring during …

The technical evolution of the surgery for spina bifida occulta (SBO) over the course of a half-
century was reviewed with special foci placed on the spinal lipoma and tethered spinal cord …

Human reflexes are simple motor responses that are automatically elicited by various
sensory inputs. These reflexes can provide valuable insights into the functioning of the …

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative
neuromonitoring (IONM) in surgery for tethered cord in infants. Materials and Methods: The …