The past two decades of research on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) seem to have
finally become fruitful as global leaders and energy-intensive industries are cooperating to …

Produced water re-injection (PWRI) is a promising and sustainable strategy to manage
substantial quantities of produced water for subsurface energy production systems. This …

The injection of seawater into a hydrocarbon reservoir (seawater flooding) as a secondary or
tertiary oil recovery method is associated with two possibly significant challenges. First, the …

Removal of sulfate from the injection seawater (desulfation) in hydrocarbon reservoirs is a
Modified Salinity Water (MSW) flooding method that mitigates microbial reservoir souring …

There are various examples of large-scale microbial activities in the subsurface. For
instance, microbial reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (reservoir souring) is a known …

Flooding oil reservoirs with water alters the environment of the reservoir in many ways, such
as lowering the temperature and disturbing the ionic composition of the formation water …