The demand for fossil derivate fuels and chemicals has increased, augmenting concerns on
climate change, global economic stability, and sustainability on fossil resources. Therefore …

Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel, soap and fatty acid manufacturing plants, which are
now facing sustainability threats and a reduction in prices in the market due to its oversupply …

The transition from a fossil fuel-based economy to a bio-based economy necessitates the
exploitation of synergies, scientific innovations and breakthroughs, and step changes in the …

The depletion of fossil fuels has heightened research and utilization of renewable energy
such as biodiesel. However, this has thrown up another challenge of significant increase in …

To ensure the long-term viability of biorefineries, it is essential to go beyond the
carbohydrate-based platform and develop complementing technologies capable of …

The majority of environmental problems arise from the use of conventional energy sources.
The liability of such problems along with the reduction of fossil energy resources has led to …

One of the major ecological concerns associated with biodiesel production is the generation
of waste/crude glycerol during the trans-esterification process. Purification of this crude …

Crude glycerol is the main byproduct of biodiesel manufacturing from oleaginous crops and
other biomass-derived oils. Approximately 10% crude glycerol is produced with every batch …

As a platform chemical with various applications, succinic acid (SA) is currently produced by
petrochemical processing from oil-derived substrates such as maleic acid. In order to …

1, 3-Propanediol (1, 3-PDO) is an important chemical which has been widely used in the
cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and especially polymer industries. The production of 1, 3-PDO …