The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or
behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and …

Ecology Letters (2012) Abstract Interspecific trait variation has long served as a conceptual
foundation for our understanding of ecological patterns and dynamics. In particular …

In this paper we review recent models that provide adaptive explanations for animal
personalities: individual differences in behaviour (or suites of correlated behaviours) that are …

This introduction to the themed issue on Evolutionary and ecological approaches to the
study of personality provides an overview of conceptual, theoretical and methodological …

In the past decade, several conceptual papers have linked variation in animal personality to
variation in cognition, and recent years have seen a flood of empirical studies testing this …

Animal personalities or behavioural syndromes are consistent and/or correlated behaviours
across two or more situations within a population. Social insect biologists have measured …

Highlights•Invertebrates representing 98% of all species are neglected in personality
research.•The lack of data confines comparative analyses to unravel personality evolution.• …

Animal personality and behavioral syndromes can have profound effects on individual
fitness. Consequently, there is growing recognition that knowledge of these phenomena …

Behavioral responses to novel situations often vary and can belong to a suite of correlated
behaviors. Characteristic behaviors of different personality types (eg stress coping styles) …

We aim to stimulate an ontogenetic approach to personalities. We explain the importance of
studying development for understanding proximate and ultimate aspects of personality and …