Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved in degrading
and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism. Defects in genes …

Progranulin (PGRN, encoded by the GRN gene) plays a key role in the development,
survival, function, and maintenance of neurons and microglia in the mammalian brain. It …

Lysosomes require an acidic lumen between pH 4.5 and 5.0 for effective digestion of
macromolecules. This pH optimum is maintained by proton influx produced by the V-ATPase …

Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA), which cause Gaucher disease, are also
potent risk factors for Parkinson's disease. We examined whether a genetic burden of …

Cellular function requires coordination between different organelles and metabolic cues.
Mitochondria and lysosomes are essential for cellular metabolism as major contributors of …

Parkinson's disease is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3% of
those older than 75 years of age. Clinically, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with …

Following Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common
neurodegenerative disorder, sharing an unclear pathophysiology, a multifactorial profile …

Mammalian cells remove misfolded proteins using various proteolytic systems, including the
ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS), chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA) and …

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species change cellular responses through diverse
mechanisms that are now being defined. At low levels, they are signalling molecules, and at …

Lysosomes and lysosomal hydrolases, including the cathepsins, have been shown to
change their properties with aging brain a long time ago, although their function was not …