Activation of TGF-β1 initiates a program of temporary collagen accumulation important to
wound repair in many organs. However, the outcome of temporary extracellular matrix …

Radiation therapy is one of the major tools of cancer treatment, and is widely used for a
variety of malignant tumours. Radiotherapy causes DNA damage directly by ionization or …

The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) family plays relevant roles in the regulation of
different cellular processes that are essential for tissue and organ homeostasis. In the case …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic
response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong …

Forkhead box transcription factor, FOXM1 is implicated in several cellular processes such as
proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, tissue …

Transitory phenotypic changes such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) help
embryonic cells to generate migratory descendants that populate new sites and establish …

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway is one of the most integral pathways linked to cell …

It is hypothesized that the extent and severity of fibrosis and cellularity found on lung biopsy
determine the prognosis and response to therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The …

TWIST1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor which plays essential and
pivotal roles in multiple stages of embryonic development, and significantly contributes to …

Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a severe side effect of radiotherapy in lung cancer
patients that presents as a progressive pulmonary injury combined with chronic …