This review is aimed at presenting the state-of-the-art of time domain (TD) functional near-
infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We first introduce the physical principles, the basics of …

The recent developments in time-domain diffuse optics that rely on physical concepts (eg,
time-gating and null distance) and advanced photonic components (eg, vertical cavity …

The application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the neurosciences has
been expanding over the last 40 years. Today, it is addressing a wide range of applications …

This report is the second part of a comprehensive two-part series aimed at reviewing an
extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain health and function. While …

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is based on the detection of single photons
of a periodic light signal, measurement of the detection time of the photons, and the build-up …

Optical spectroscopy, imaging, and therapy tissue phantoms must have the scattering and
absorption properties that are characteristic of human tissues, and over the past few …

A lack of accepted standards and standardized phantoms suitable for the technical
validation of biophotonic instrumentation hinders the reliability and reproducibility of its …

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical technique that can measure brain tissue
oxygenation and haemodynamics in real-time and at the patient bedside allowing medical …

A multi-center study has been set up to accurately characterize the optical properties of
diffusive liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink at near-infrared (NIR) …

Reduction in scattering, high absorption, and spectral features of tissue constituents above
1000 nm could help in gaining higher spatial resolution, penetration depth, and specificity …