Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

ABC transporters are essential for cellular physiology. Humans have 48 ABC genes
organized into seven distinct families. Of these genes, 44 (in five distinct families) encode for …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest and most ancient
protein superfamilies found in all living organisms. They function as molecular machines by …

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

Human sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (hSGLT2) mediates the reabsorption of the majority
of filtrated glucose in the kidney. Pharmacological inhibition of hSGLT2 by oral small …

Polyphosphoinositides (PPIs) are essential phospholipids located in the cytoplasmic leaflet
of eukaryotic cell membranes. Despite contributing only a small fraction to the bulk of cellular …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is critical for the
assembly of their cell envelopes. LPS synthesized in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the inner …

ABCA1, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily A exporter, mediates the cellular efflux of
phospholipids and cholesterol to the extracellular acceptor apolipoprotein AI (apoA-I) for …

Glucose is the mandatory fuel for the brain, yet the relative contribution of glucose and
lactate for neuronal energy metabolism is unclear. We found that increased lactate, but not …

The cation channel of sperm (CatSper) is essential for sperm motility and fertility,. CatSper
comprises the pore-forming proteins CATSPER1–4 and multiple auxiliary subunits …