Acute exposure to low oxygen (hypoxia) places conflicting demands on the heart. Whilst an
increase in heart rate (tachycardia) may compensate systemic oxygen delivery as arterial …

Vascular resistance and conductance are reciprocal indices of vascular tone that are often
assumed to be interchangeable. However, in most animals in vivo, blood flow (ie cardiac …

Anoxic exposure in the anoxia-tolerant freshwater turtle is attended by substantial decreases
in heart rate and blood flows, but systemic blood pressure (P sys) only decreases marginally …

Phrynocephalus vlangalii is a species of lizard endemic in China, which lives on Qinghai‐
Tibet Plateau ranging from 2000 to 4600 m above sea level. In this study, P. vlangalii were …

Inhalant anesthesia is challenging in chelonians due to a great capacity for breath-holding
and an incomplete separation of the cardiac ventricle. Deoxygenated blood can recirculate …

In anuran amphibians, respiratory rhythm is generated within the central nervous system
(CNS) and is modulated by chemo-and mechanoreceptors located in the vascular system …

Seven freshwater turtles Trachemys scripta were instrumented with flow probes and
cannulated for blood pressure measurements. The turtles were warmed from 24 to 34° C …

Freshwater turtles, Trachemys scripta, like all non-crocodilian reptiles, are able to shunt
blood between the pulmonary and systemic circulations owing to their undivided ventricle …

A hypometabolic response during acute exposure to hypoxia has been measured in both
endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. In the turtle, we determined the metabolic …

The anatomy of the nonavian reptile heart allows for mixing of oxygen rich and oxygen poor
blood (cardiac shunts). The degree and the direction of the cardiac shunts are under …