Composting is the controlled conversion of degradable organic products and wastes into
stable products with the aid of microorganisms. Composting is a long-used technology …

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use.
Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem …

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in paddy soil and accumulation in rice plants and grains have got
global concern due to its health effects. This review highlights the effects of soil factors …

The germination index (GI) was widely applied to evaluate the phytotoxicity of compost. This
study investigated the key phytotoxicity factors affecting seed germination in compost by …

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of high concentrations (10% w/w, data
projected for 2030) of commercial bioplastics, ie starch based shopping bags (SBSB) and …

Composting is a natural process that stems through microbial succession, marking the
degradation and stabilization of organic matter present in waste. The use of microbial …

To realize the management of municipal solid waste (MSW), China uses MSW conversion
technology to generate fuel and other byproducts through which the operating costs (eg …

Biodegradable material, primarily composed of food waste, accounts for 40–70 wt% of
municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries. Therefore, to establish a sustainable …

Since the implementation of domestic waste classification in China, the kitchen waste
production has increased rapidly. The unique physical and chemical properties of kitchen …

Biosolids are the biological organic matter extracted from various treatment processes of
wastewater which are considered as a rich source of energy and nutrients. The most …