The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize evidence of the epidemiology of and
risk factors for kidney cancer with a focus on renal cell carcinoma in adults. The etiology of …

There is currently an unmet need for better biomarkers across the spectrum of renal
diseases. In this paper, we revisit the role of beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) as a biomarker in …

Background Patients with ESRD have a substantially increased cancer risk, but few studies
have examined the patterns of cancer mortality along a patient's journey from dialysis to …

Kidney cancer globally accounts for more than 131,000 deaths each year and has been
found to place a large economic burden on society. However, there are no recent articles on …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immunomodulatory antibodies that are used to enhance
the immune system, have substantially improved the prognosis of patients with advanced …

Among patients with ESRD, cancer risk is affected by kidney dysfunction and by
immunosuppression after transplant. Assessing patterns across periods of dialysis and …

The prevalence of CKD may be higher in patients with cancer than in those without due to
the addition of cancer-specific risk factors to those already present for CKD. In this review …

Anemia is a frequent complication of kidney disease. When severe, it causes symptoms that
can be debilitating. The course of anemia tends to track the decline in kidney function, with …

Context Renal transplantation is the gold standard renal replacement therapy in end-stage
renal disease owing to its superior survival and quality of life compared with dialysis. When …

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or receiving dialysis have a much higher risk
for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but carcinogenic mechanisms and genomic features remain …