The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …

Research has elucidated causal links between stress exposure and the development of
anxiety disorders, but due to the limited use of female or sex-comparative animal models …

Background: Dysregulated stress neurocircuits, caused by genetic and/or environmental
changes, underlie the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Corticotropin …

The elevated T-maze (ETM) was developed to test the hypothesis that serotonin (5-HT)
plays an opposing role in the regulation of defensive behaviors associated with anxiety and …

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino acid neuropeptide that is involved in
stress-related physiology and behavior, including control of the hypothalamic-pituitary …

Abstract The Deakin/Graeff hypothesis proposes that different subpopulations of
serotonergic neurons through topographically organized projections to forebrain and …

The current study examined the neurochemical mechanisms and neuroanatomical changes
underlying coexisting behavioral effects associated with chronic-stress-induced alterations …

The neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains unclear. Intense stress
promotes PTSD, which has been associated with exaggerated startle and deficient …

Early-life adversity is associated with increased risk for substance abuse in later life, with
women more likely to report past and current stress as a mediating factor in their substance …

The oculomotor accessory nucleus, often referred to as the Edinger–Westphal nucleus [EW],
was first identified in the 17th century. Although its most well known function is the control of …