Climatic variability has been acquiring an extensive consideration due to its widespread
ability to impact food production and livelihoods. Climate change has the potential to …

The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the late twentieth
century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Recently, there have been …

Improved knowledge of glacial-to-interglacial global temperature change yields Charney
(fast-feedback) equilibrium climate sensitivity 1.2±0.3° C (2σ) per W/m2, which is 4.8° C±1.2° …

Towards the end of June 2021, temperature records were broken by several degrees
Celsius in several cities in the Pacific Northwest areas of the US and Canada, leading to …

We present a new version of the Met Office Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit global
surface temperature data set, HadCRUT5. HadCRUT5 presents monthly average near …

Abstract Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF is producing the
ERA5 reanalysis which, once completed, will embody a detailed record of the global …

The Paris agreement focused global climate mitigation policy on limiting global warming to
1.5 or 2° C above pre-industrial levels. Consequently, projections of hazards and risk are …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

Anthropogenic forcings have led to multifaceted changes in the seas around China, which
include the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China Seas, affecting the functions and …

Heatwaves are becoming more frequent under climate change and can lead to thousands of
excess deaths. Adaptation to extreme weather events often occurs in response to an event …